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The Burns Archive is the world’s largest private collection of early medical photography and historic photographs, housing over one million photographs. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=THE BURNS ARCHIVE )〕 ==About== Known as one of the world’s most important repositories of early medical history,〔 images of “the darker side of life” make up the collection: anatomical and medical oddities, memorial and post-mortem photography, and original historic photographs depicting death, disease, disaster, crime, racism, revolution, riots, and war.〔 The collection traces the history of photography, from its beginnings in 1839 to the 1950s, and includes hundreds of thousands of Daguerreotypes, ambrotypes, tintypes,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Masterpiece Theatre - Shooting The Past - Explore - The Burns Archive )〕 carte de visites, and hand-colored photographs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Working Life in Meiji Japan 1868-1912 )〕 The Burns Archive actively acquires, donates, researches, lectures, exhibits, consults,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SERVICES - THE BURNS ARCHIVE )〕 and shares its rare and unusual〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rare and Unusual Photos and Images From the Burns Archive )〕 photographs and expertise worldwide. The Archive’s medical collection houses photographs in the categories of pioneers and innovators, operative scenes, therapy and treatments, disease and pathology, medical specialties, interesting cases and medical curiosities, hospitals and wards, nursing, alternative practitioners, anatomy and education, laboratories and doctors’ offices, medicine and war, and more.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Providing Photographic Evidence )〕 Many of these collected pictures allowed the medical community of the era to share knowledge and define pathology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=From the Burns Archive: The Deadly Rays That Cured Cancer )〕 The Archive's historical collection ranges from categories of death and memorial, war and conflict, and crime and punishment, to occupations and industry, social and cultural history, photographic history, Judaica, Egyptology, ethnology, folk, and African American history.〔〔 The collection has been featured in over 100 exhibitions at museums and galleries worldwide, including New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art and Paris' Musée d'Orsay, and has donated thousands of images to institutions, including The Smithsonian Institution, the Museum of Modern Art, and the J. Paul Getty Museum.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Providing Photographic Evidence )〕 Dr. Stanley B. Burns, the Archive’s Founder, is a New York City ophthalmologist who acquired his first medical photograph in 1975 and established the Burns Archive in 1977.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Providing Photographic Evidence )〕 The Archive began receiving recognition in 1978, when a selection of its 19th and 20th century photographs were featured in the Time Life Encyclopedia of Collectibles entry on photographs. The Archive was called “one of the world’s most important repositories of early medical history” by The New York Times, “the world’s greatest collection of early medical photography” by New York (magazine), “one of the six most important collections in the world” by Aperture (magazine), “one of America’s Top 100 Collectors” by Art and Antiques Magazine, and “the most important privately held photo archive in the world” by New York’s The Village Voice.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Providing Photographic Evidence )〕 Having written over 1,100 articles and over 40 books, the Burns Archive has published photographic historic texts〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Interview: Dr. Stanley Burns, The Knick's Medical Advisor )〕 ranging from Victorian era funeral portraits to early oncology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Archival Photos From the Early Days of Medicine -- New York Magazine )〕 Dr. Burns authored ''Sleeping Beauty: Memorial Photography In America'', and ''Forgotten Marriage: The Painted Tintype & The Decorative Frame, 1860-1910, A Lost Chapter in American Portraiture'', which both received the American Photographic Historical Society's award for the best publication of their kind, an honor never before bestowed on one author. Sleeping Beauty (disambiguation) was praised by Pulitzer Prize winning author, John Updike, in the American Heritage (magazine) article he wrote on the book. Burns Archive Creative Director, Elizabeth A. Burns, co-authored various books with Dr. Burns, including ''Sleeping Beauty II: Grief, Bereavement & the Family, American and European Traditions'', as well as ''Geisha: A Photographic History, 1872-1912'', and the upcoming ''Stiffs, Skulls, and Skeletons'', which will be released in 2014 from Schiffer Publishing.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stiffs, Skulls & Skeletons: Medical Photography and Symbolism )〕 Images from the Burns Archive have been a major source for various documentaries (Ken Burns, the History (TV channel), PBS American Experience), television series (NBC’s Hannibal (TV series), HBO’s Autopsy (TV series), Travel Channel’s Mysteries at the Museum, Cinemax's The Knick), and feature films (Silence of the Lambs (film), Gangs of New York, The Others (2001 film)), and has inspired artists from Joel Peter Witkin to makeup artists for Jacob's Ladder (film).〔〔() 〕 Stanley B. Burns MD, Elizabeth A. Burns, and The Burns Archive, serve as the medical, historical and technical advisers for Steven Soderbergh’s period medical Cinemax series, The Knick, starring Clive Owen.〔 The Knick looks at the professional and personal lives of Dr. John W. Thackery (played by Owen) and the staff at New York's Knickerbocker Hospital during the early part of the twentieth century. The Archive was instrumental in the recreation of turn-of-the-century medicine,〔 as Dr. Burns worked closely with production and the actors to make the hospital scenes realistic and authentic to the period.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Medicine past, present, and future: Star Trek versus Dr. Kildare and The Knick « Science-Based Medicine )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=‘The Knick’ Starring Clive Owen & Directed by Steven Soderbergh to Premiere August 8 on Cinemax - Ratings - TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com )〕 Dr. Burns provided immersive tutorials in the world of early-20th-century surgery, complete with hands-on practice.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=5 Things We Learned from The Knick's Medical Advisor )〕 The Archive's extensive photographic record of medical history served as comprehensive resources for procedures〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bloody Hell: Steven Soderbergh Dissects His Modern, 1900s Medical Drama, "The Knick" )〕 and became important references for everything from the antiseptic atomizers in the operating theater to an early X-ray machine, to the prosthetic worn by a recurring character. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burns Archive」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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